Correction and Retraction

Correction and Retraction

Ekonomi Bisnis is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of scientific records. This policy regulates the handling of published articles that contain errors or violations, and refers to  the COPE Retraction Guidelines.

A. Types of Action

  1. Correction/Erratum/Corrigendum: for errors that do not change the main conclusion, e.g. misspellings of names or affiliations, incorrect tables or images, reference errors, or data that do not change the core findings.
  2. Expression of Concern: issued when there are serious allegations about the reliability of the article but there is insufficient evidence, the investigation has not been completed, or information cannot be obtained.
  3. Retraction: is done when the editor is no longer confident in the outcome and conclusion of the article.
  4. Removal: only in very limited cases, such as unlawful, defamatory content, privacy violations, or harm. Notices are still issued.

B. Grounds for Retraction

Articles may be considered for withdrawal when:

  1. There is clear evidence of gross errors, unfairness of data or images, or fabrication and falsification that render the findings unreliable.
  2. There is plagiarism, or the use of ideas, text, and data without proper attribution or permission.
  3. Articles are duplicate or repetitive publications without justification and notice.
  4. There is a violation of the authorship or identity of the fictitious author.
  5. The research was conducted unethically, including without the consent of the participants or the necessary permissions.
  6. The peer review process is manipulated, or there are conflicts of interest that are not disclosed and may affect interpretation or recommendations.
  7. There is manipulation of citations or the use of artificial intelligence (AI) that is not disclosed and affects the reliability of the content.

Withdrawals are not appropriate if the information is inadequate; in which case the journal may publish an Expression of Concern.

C. Who Decides (Decision Authority)

The final decision to correct or withdraw an article rests with the input of the editorial board. The publisher and the journal manager can assist with the investigation. If the Editor-in-Chief has a conflict of interest, the decision is made by the editor or other independent party.

D. Procedure

  1. Reports are received from readers, authors, peer reviewers, or other parties (see alleged infringement procedures), or discovered by the editors themselves.
  2. The editor assesses the report and notifies the author of the correspondence to respond within a reasonable time.
  3. If necessary, the editor seeks the opinion of the author's independent experts or affiliated institutions.
  4. The editor decides: no action, correction, expression of concern, or retraction.
  5. The decision is communicated to the author and the reporter, and then a notification is issued.

A notice of retraction is published as soon as the editor is satisfied that the article meets the criteria for removal. If the determination takes time, the journal may publish an Expression of Concern first.

E. Content of Notices

Any notification of correction, expression of concern, or retraction:

  1. Linked to related articles and vice versa, and freely accessible to all readers.
  2. Contains the title, author's name, DOI, and journal identity.
  3. Clearly explain why and who is taking action (editor, author, or publisher).
  4. It is objective, factual, and not accusatory.

F. Handling Retracted Articles

Retracted articles remain available on the journal site with a clear "RETRACTED" mark on each PDF page and article page, so that they are not cited without knowledge of their status. The article's metadata is updated, and the journal notifies the indexing service and DOI (Crossref) provider when relevant.

G. Author-requested Retraction

Authors who find serious errors in their articles are obliged to immediately notify the editor through the jeb@unis.ac.id The Journal will assess the request and publish corrections or retractions according to the degree of the error. Voluntary withdrawals of unintentional errors are seen as responsible actions.

H. Batch Retractions

If there is evidence of systematic manipulation of the publication process (e.g., mass manuscript writing services or paper mills), the journal may withdraw several articles at once after a thorough investigation.

I. References

  1. COPE Retraction Guidelines (Versi 3, 2025)
  2. Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)